Greek Alphabet Symbols: All 24 Letters, Names and Uses

Copy Greek Alphabet Symbols (Capital and Small)

alpha capital

Unicode U+0391 · HTML Α

Tap any symbol to copy it. Each tap also adds it to the box above, so you can copy several together.

Codes for every symbol on this page (Unicode, HTML, Alt, Mac, Word)

Symbol	Name	Unicode	HTML	Windows Alt code	Mac	MS Word
Α	alpha capital	`U+0391`	`Α`	-	-	0391 then Alt+X
α	alpha small	`U+03B1`	`α`	Alt+224	-	03B1 then Alt+X
Β	Greek Capital Letter Beta	`U+0392`	`Β`	-	-	0392 then Alt+X
β	beta small	`U+03B2`	`β`	-	-	03B2 then Alt+X
Γ	gamma capital	`U+0393`	`Γ`	Alt+226	-	0393 then Alt+X
γ	gamma small	`U+03B3`	`γ`	-	-	03B3 then Alt+X
Δ	delta capital	`U+0394`	`Δ`	-	-	0394 then Alt+X
δ	delta small	`U+03B4`	`δ`	Alt+235	-	03B4 then Alt+X
Ε	Greek Capital Letter Epsilon	`U+0395`	`Ε`	-	-	0395 then Alt+X
ε	Greek Small Letter Epsilon	`U+03B5`	`ε`	Alt+238	-	03B5 then Alt+X
Ζ	Greek Capital Letter Zeta	`U+0396`	`Ζ`	-	-	0396 then Alt+X
ζ	Greek Small Letter Zeta	`U+03B6`	`ζ`	-	-	03B6 then Alt+X
Η	Greek Capital Letter Eta	`U+0397`	`Η`	-	-	0397 then Alt+X
η	Greek Small Letter Eta	`U+03B7`	`η`	-	-	03B7 then Alt+X
Θ	Greek Capital Letter Theta	`U+0398`	`Θ`	Alt+233	-	0398 then Alt+X
θ	theta small	`U+03B8`	`θ`	-	-	03B8 then Alt+X
Ι	Greek Capital Letter Iota	`U+0399`	`Ι`	-	-	0399 then Alt+X
ι	Greek Small Letter Iota	`U+03B9`	`ι`	-	-	03B9 then Alt+X
Κ	Greek Capital Letter Kappa	`U+039A`	`Κ`	-	-	039A then Alt+X
κ	Greek Small Letter Kappa	`U+03BA`	`κ`	-	-	03BA then Alt+X
Λ	Greek Capital Letter Lamda	`U+039B`	`Λ`	-	-	039B then Alt+X
λ	lambda small	`U+03BB`	`λ`	-	-	03BB then Alt+X
Μ	Greek Capital Letter Mu	`U+039C`	`Μ`	-	-	039C then Alt+X
μ	mu small	`U+03BC`	`μ`	-	-	03BC then Alt+X
Ν	Greek Capital Letter Nu	`U+039D`	`Ν`	-	-	039D then Alt+X
ν	Greek Small Letter Nu	`U+03BD`	`ν`	-	-	03BD then Alt+X
Ξ	Greek Capital Letter Xi	`U+039E`	`Ξ`	-	-	039E then Alt+X
ξ	Greek Small Letter Xi	`U+03BE`	`ξ`	-	-	03BE then Alt+X
Ο	Greek Capital Letter Omicron	`U+039F`	`Ο`	-	-	039F then Alt+X
ο	Greek Small Letter Omicron	`U+03BF`	`ο`	-	-	03BF then Alt+X
Π	Greek Capital Letter Pi	`U+03A0`	`Π`	-	-	03A0 then Alt+X
π	pi small	`U+03C0`	`π`	Alt+227	Option+P	03C0 then Alt+X
Ρ	Greek Capital Letter Rho	`U+03A1`	`Ρ`	-	-	03A1 then Alt+X
ρ	Greek Small Letter Rho	`U+03C1`	`ρ`	-	-	03C1 then Alt+X
Σ	sigma capital (sum)	`U+03A3`	`Σ`	Alt+228	-	03A3 then Alt+X
σ	sigma small	`U+03C3`	`σ`	Alt+229	-	03C3 then Alt+X
ς	final sigma	`U+03C2`	`&sigmaf;`	-	-	03C2 then Alt+X
Τ	Greek Capital Letter Tau	`U+03A4`	`Τ`	-	-	03A4 then Alt+X
τ	Greek Small Letter Tau	`U+03C4`	`τ`	Alt+231	-	03C4 then Alt+X
Υ	Greek Capital Letter Upsilon	`U+03A5`	`Υ`	-	-	03A5 then Alt+X
υ	Greek Small Letter Upsilon	`U+03C5`	`υ`	-	-	03C5 then Alt+X
Φ	Greek Capital Letter Phi	`U+03A6`	`Φ`	Alt+232	-	03A6 then Alt+X
φ	Greek Small Letter Phi	`U+03C6`	`φ`	Alt+237	-	03C6 then Alt+X
Χ	Greek Capital Letter Chi	`U+03A7`	`Χ`	-	-	03A7 then Alt+X
χ	Greek Small Letter Chi	`U+03C7`	`χ`	-	-	03C7 then Alt+X
Ψ	Greek Capital Letter Psi	`U+03A8`	`Ψ`	-	-	03A8 then Alt+X
ψ	Greek Small Letter Psi	`U+03C8`	`ψ`	-	-	03C8 then Alt+X
Ω	omega capital (ohm)	`U+03A9`	`Ω`	Alt+234	Option+Z	03A9 then Alt+X
ω	omega small	`U+03C9`	`ω`	-	-	03C9 then Alt+X

Greek alphabet symbols like α, β, π, Σ and Ω appear in almost every maths, physics and chemistry textbook. This page lists all 24 letters in capital and small form, with the name, a simple English sound and where each letter is used in school and college subjects.

Tap any letter in the grid to copy it, or use the Download PNG button if you need a clear image for slides. Below the table you will find quick ways to type a Greek symbol on Windows, Mac, Word, Google Docs and your phone.

All 24 Greek Letters: Table with Names and Sounds

Here is the full Greek alphabet in order. Letters with their own page are linked, so you can open them for more examples and typing tips.

#	Capital	Small	Name	Sound (approx.)	Common use
1	Α	α	Alpha	a	angles, alpha particles, significance level
2	Β	β	Beta	b (modern Greek: v)	beta particles, beta version, regression
3	Γ	γ	Gamma	g	gamma rays, ratio Cp/Cv, gamma function Γ
4	Δ	δ	Delta	d (modern Greek: soft th)	change Δx, small change δ, triangle ΔABC
5	Ε	ε	Epsilon	short e	permittivity ε₀, strain, small quantity
6	Ζ	ζ	Zeta	z (dz)	zeta potential, damping ratio, zeta function
7	Η	η	Eta	long e (modern Greek: i)	efficiency, viscosity
8	Θ	θ	Theta	th as in thin	angles, sin θ, cos θ
9	Ι	ι	Iota	i	rarely used; "not one iota"
10	Κ	κ	Kappa	k	dielectric constant, thermal conductivity
11	Λ	λ	Lambda	l	wavelength, decay constant
12	Μ	μ	Mu	m	micro (10⁻⁶), friction, mean
13	Ν	ν	Nu	n	frequency (physics), kinematic viscosity
14	Ξ	ξ	Xi	ks (x)	random variables, particle physics
15	Ο	ο	Omicron	short o	rarely used in science
16	Π	π	Pi	p	3.14159, product notation ∏
17	Ρ	ρ	Rho	r	density, resistivity, correlation
18	Σ	σ / ς	Sigma	s	sum Σ, standard deviation σ
19	Τ	τ	Tau	t	torque, time constant
20	Υ	υ	Upsilon	u / y	rarely used; some particle names
21	Φ	φ	Phi	ph (f)	magnetic flux Φ, angles, golden ratio φ
22	Χ	χ	Chi	kh (as in Scottish loch)	chi-square test χ², susceptibility
23	Ψ	ψ	Psi	ps	wave function, psychology
24	Ω	ω	Omega	long o	ohm Ω, angular velocity ω

The sounds are rough English guides for school use. Ancient and modern Greek pronounce some letters differently, so you may hear "beta" as "vita" from a Greek speaker.

Greek Symbols in Maths

Maths uses Greek letters mostly for angles, constants and special operations. Learn these first if you are in Class 9 to 12:

θ, α, β, φ: names for angles, for example sin θ or ∠α. See the theta symbol page for trigonometry examples.
π: the circle constant, about 3.14159 (22/7 in school sums).
Σ: "add all of these", as in Σx. The sigma symbol page explains the summation symbol step by step.
Δ: change in a quantity, or the discriminant b² − 4ac in quadratic equations.
ε and δ: very small numbers in the definition of limits.

For other signs used next to these letters, such as ∞, √ and ≠, see our math symbols list.

Greek Symbols in Physics and Chemistry

Symbol	Quantity	Example
λ	Wavelength	c = νλ
ν	Frequency	E = hν
ω	Angular velocity	v = rω
Ω	Ohm, unit of resistance	R = 220 Ω
ρ	Density or resistivity	ρ = m/V
μ	Coefficient of friction, or micro	f = μN
η	Efficiency or viscosity	η = output/input
κ	Dielectric constant (in some books K)	C = κε₀A/d
ζ	Zeta potential of a colloid	ζ in mV
α, β, γ	Types of radiation	α particles

The nu symbol in physics (ν) is easy to confuse with the English letter v. In E = hν, it is the Greek letter nu, meaning frequency. The eta symbol η looks like an n with a long right leg. The zeta potential symbol ζ is used in colloid chemistry for the charge around a particle. Remember that the unit ohm has its own sign (see the ohm symbol), and the prefix micro has a separate micro symbol µ that looks the same as μ. More units and constants are on the physics symbols page.

Greek Letters in Statistics

Statistics uses Greek letters for values that describe a whole population, and English letters for values from a sample:

μ: population mean (sample mean is x̄).
σ: population standard deviation (sample is s). σ² is the variance.
ρ: population correlation (sample is r). See the rho symbol.
χ²: the chi-square test. The chi symbol χ looks like an x but is a separate letter.
α and β: error levels in hypothesis testing.

How to Type a Greek Symbol on Any Device

Windows Alt codes

Only some Greek letters have an old DOS Alt code. Turn Num Lock on and use the number keypad:

Alt code	Symbol	Alt code	Symbol
`Alt`+`224`	α	`Alt`+`232`	Φ
`Alt`+`226`	Γ	`Alt`+`233`	Θ
`Alt`+`227`	π	`Alt`+`234`	Ω
`Alt`+`228`	Σ	`Alt`+`235`	δ
`Alt`+`229`	σ	`Alt`+`237`	φ
`Alt`+`231`	τ	`Alt`+`238`	ε

Results can differ a little between apps. For all other letters, see the Alt codes guide or use the methods below.

Microsoft Word

Type the code from the info table and press Alt+X. For example, type 03BB then Alt+X to get λ. You can also go to Insert > Symbol > More Symbols and pick the subset "Greek and Coptic".

Mac

Option+P gives π and Option+Z gives Ω. For others, open the Character Viewer with Control+Command+Space and search the letter name.

Google Docs

Go to Insert > Special characters and type the name, such as "kappa". In Insert > Equation you can type a backslash and the name, like \lambda, then a space.

Android and iPhone

Phone keyboards do not show Greek letters by default. You can add a Greek keyboard in the keyboard's language settings and switch to it with the globe key, but for a few letters it is quicker to copy them from this page.

Common Mix-ups with Greek Letters

Capital letters that look English: Α, Β, Ε, Η, Ι, Κ, Μ, Ν, Ο, Ρ, Τ, Χ look like A, B, E, H, I, K, M, N, O, P, T, X but are different characters. Do not use them in email IDs or website names.
Η is eta, not H: capital eta is a separate letter from English H, even though they look identical.
ν and v: in printed physics, check whether it is nu (frequency) or v (velocity).
ς and σ: ς is the final sigma used only at the end of Greek words. Maths always uses σ.
Ρ is rho, not P: capital rho sounds like "r".

All greek letters symbol pages

Frequently asked questions

How many letters are in the Greek alphabet?

The Greek alphabet has 24 letters, from alpha (Α α) to omega (Ω ω). Each has a capital and a small form, and sigma has an extra final form ς.

What is the kappa symbol used for?

The kappa symbol κ is often used for the dielectric constant and for thermal conductivity in physics. Its capital Κ looks just like English K, which is why most textbooks prefer the small form.

What does the iota symbol mean?

Iota (Ι ι) is the ninth Greek letter and makes an "i" sound. It is rarely used in school science. In English, "not one iota" means "not even a tiny bit", because ι is the smallest letter.

Which is the zeta symbol and where is it used?

The zeta symbol is ζ (capital Ζ). It is used for zeta potential in chemistry, the damping ratio in engineering and the Riemann zeta function in higher maths.

Is the micro sign the same as the Greek letter mu?

They look the same but are two different characters: µ (micro sign) and μ (Greek mu). Both display correctly, but use μ in Greek text and either one for the prefix micro. The micro symbol page explains the difference.

How do I copy a Greek symbol for WhatsApp or Instagram bio?

Tap the letter in the grid above to copy it, then paste it into your chat or bio. Greek letters are standard Unicode text, so they show on almost every phone.

Related symbols

Updated 6 October 2026. All symbols are standard Unicode characters checked against the Unicode database.